Russian

русский
ru 154M speakers

Russian (русский) is a Indo-European language with approximately 154M speakers speakers. It is written using the Cyrillic script. Its BCP 47 language code is ru.

Russian (русский язык) is a Slavic language and the most widely spoken native language in Europe. It is the official language of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used as a second language throughout the former Soviet republics.

Russian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet (33 letters) and is known for its complex morphology with six grammatical cases, three genders, and an extensive aspect system for verbs. Russian literature — with figures like Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Chekhov — is among the most celebrated in the world.

Writing Systems Used for Russian

Frequently Asked Questions

What alphabet or script does Russian use?
Russian is written using the Cyrillic script (ISO 15924 code: Cyrl). Cyrillic is written left-to-right.
What direction is Russian written?
Russian is written Left-to-right. Text runs from left to right, the same direction as most European languages.
How many people speak Russian?
Russian has approximately 154M speakers speakers worldwide. It is a member of the Indo-European language family.
What language family does Russian belong to?
Russian belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is written with the Cyrillic script.
What is the language code for Russian?
The BCP 47 language code for Russian is "ru". This code is used in software, web standards (the HTML lang attribute), and internationalization contexts.

Data sourced from Unicode CLDR and ISO 639-3. Last updated April 20, 2026.